Shakedown and Ratcheting in Thermal Cycling Environments – Understanding with the Bree Diagram
25 August 2026
In a thermal cycling environment, thermal stresses, which are secondary stresses, repeatedly increase and decrease with temperature changes. When thermal stresses are repeated in the presence of primary stress, plastic strain may accumulate in one direction with each cycle, and permanent deformation may gradually progress. This phenomenon is called ratcheting [...]
What is Powder HIP? An explanation of the technology adopted for the cooling structure of mirrors inside the ITER vacuum vessel.
28 July 2026
A cooling structure using powder HIP (Powder Hot Isostatic Pressing) is applied to the divertor infrared thermography, which is one of the measurement instruments installed in the ITER vacuum vessel. [...]


